Remember that the members of the audience (your students) are supposed to be the beneficiaries of your communication.
Don't make too many assumptions about your audience. But you do have to make some.
Figure out the basics.
Who are these people?
demographics (age, ethnicity, gender mix, etc.).
predispositions (hopes, fears, positives/negatives, level of interest).
knowledge of/experience with subject/me.
In what kind of setting will they receive this information?
large lecture hall orsmall seminar room or classroom.
lighting and sound issues.
time of day.
Take into account the "me, here, now."
Picture yourself as a member of the audience and ask "How does this message affect me, here, now?"
Me, here, now translates into what you as a sender have to offer your students/receivers—what they will be able to understand, accept, support, consider important—because it matters to them.
Establish cognitive / behavioral objectives for your audience:
Students who will compete in the National Schools Press Conference attend seminars before the actual competition. There will be a "Tagisan ng Talino", a competition about current events. Preparation for the NSPC starts at the Division Level with the Division Schools Press Conference (DSPC). The editorial members of campus papers in a division compete in English or Filipino in different categories. The top three winners for each category in each language medium are then qualified for the Regional Level. The same rules apply at the Regional Schools Press Conference.
Contest
Category
English
Filipino
Individual
News Writing
Pagsulat ng Balita
Editorial Cartooning
Paglalarawang Tudling
Editorial Writing
Pagsulat ng Pangulong-Tudling
Feature Writing
Pagsulat ng Tanging Lathalain
Sports Writing
Pagsulat ng Balitang Pampalakasan
Copyreading and Headline Writing
Pagwawasto at Pag-uulo ng Balita
Photojournalism
Pagkuha ng Larawang Pampahayagan
Group
Radio Broadcasting & Script Writing
Ulat Panradyo
School Paper Making Contest Categories for English:
Mga Kategorya sa Paggawa ng Dyaryo sa Filipino:
Editorial Page
Pahinang Editoryal
Feature/Literary Page
Pahinang Lathalain
News Page
Pahinang Balita
Sports Page
Pahinang Isports
Layout Page Design
Pahinang Pag-aanyo
Formerly, each division sent to the RSPC ten contestants per category for both English and Filipino languages. The region then sent its top five winners per category for both mediums to the NSPC. An individual contestant could participate in a maximum of three individual competitions provided that the schedules for these competitions did not conflict with one another. The awards garnered by these contestants who participated in multiple events were then given equivalent points and added up to determine who would receive the award for the highest individual pointer in each language medium.
On October 6, 1999, however, Education Secretary Andrew Gonzales issued DECS Memorandum No. 437, Series of 1999, which stated that a contestant could participate in only two events and in only one medium provided that the two events did not conflict with each other. [4] This was amended in 2002 with the issuance of Department of Education Memorandum No. 4, Series of 2002, on January 11, 2002, by Education Secretary Raul Roco. DM No. 4 provided that a pupil or student could participate in a maximum of four events but in only one medium, and that there should be seven winners for every category from every region.
The News Reporting and Desktop Publishing categories were first introduced in 2003, with a demonstration having been held at the previous year's NSPC. The DepEd memorandum for this same year states that a student may opt to participate in as many categories as he is able within the same medium provided there are no conflicts in the schedule. However, in 2004, only the News Reporting category was retained.
TheNational Schools Press Conference(NSPC) is the highest competition forjournalismin both private and publicelementaryandhigh schoolsin thePhilippines. Established in the year 1991 in pursuant to theSec. 1 Rule IX ofRepublic Act 7079 also known as Campus Journalism Act of 1991. The press conference includes both students from the elementary and secondary level and is usually held in February.
The journalism contest starts with the District Schools Press Conference (DSPC) where the top five in the Division Schools Press Conference (DSPC) in each category qualifies to the Regional Schools Press Conference (RSPC), from which the top three will be chosen to represent their respective regions in the Regional Schools Press Conference (RSPC). However, this structure would still depend on the organizing committees to ensure a higher standard for the campus journalists.
The top 3 in the Regional Schools Press Conference (RSPC)[1]will qualify for the National Schools Press Conference.
Thehistory of the Philippinesis believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans vialand bridgesat least30,000 years ago.[1]The first recorded visit from theWestis the arrival ofFerdinand Magellan, who sightedSamaron March 16, 1521 and landed onHomonhonIsland southeast of Samar the next day.[2][3]
Prior to Magellan's arrival, there wereNegritotribes who roamed the isles but they were later supplanted byAustronesians. These groups then stratified into: hunter-gatherer tribes, warrior-societies, petty plutocracies and maritime oriented harbor principalities which eventually grew into kingdoms, rajahnates, principalities, confederations and sultanates. States such as theIndianizedRajahnate ofButuanandCebu, the dynasty ofTondo, the august kingdoms ofMaysapanandMaynila, theConfederation of Madyaas, thesinifiedCountry of Mai, as well as the Muslim Sultanates ofSuluandMaguindanao. These small states flourished from as early as the 10th century AD, Despite these kingdoms attaining complex political and social orders, as well as enjoying trade with areas now called China, India, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia, none encompassed the whole archipelago which was to become the unified Philippines of the twentieth century. The remainder of the settlements were independentBarangaysallied with one of the larger nations.
Spanish colonizationand settlement began with the arrival ofMiguel López de Legazpi's expedition on February 13, 1565 who established the first permanent settlement of San Miguel on the island ofCebu.[4]The expedition continued northward reaching the bay ofManilaon the island ofLuzonon June 24, 1571,[5]where they established a new town and thus began an era ofSpanishcolonization that lasted for more than three centuries.[6]
Spanish rule achieved the political unification of almost the whole archipelago, that previously had been composed by independent kingdoms and communities, pushing back south the advancingIslamicforces and creating the first draft of the nation that was to be known as thePhilippines. Spain also introducedChristianity, thecode of law, the oldest Universities and the first public education system in Asia, the western European version ofprinting, theGregorian calendarand invested heavily on all kinds of modern infrastructures, such as train networks and modern bridges.
TheSpanish East Indieswere ruled as a territory of theViceroyalty of New Spainand administered fromMexico City,Mexicofrom 1565 to 1821, and administered directly fromMadrid,Spainfrom 1821 until the end of theSpanish–American Warin 1898, except for the briefBritish occupation of the Philippinesfrom 1762 to 1764. During the Spanish period, numerous towns were founded, infrastructures built, new crops and livestock introduced. The Chinese, British, Portuguese, Dutch, Japanese, and indigenous traders, complained that the Spanish reduced trade by attempting to enforce a Spanishmonopoly. Spanish missionaries attempted to convert the population toChristianityand were eventually generally successful in the northern and central lowlands. They founded schools, a university, and some hospitals, principally in Manila and the largest Spanish fort settlements. Universal education was made free for all Filipino subjects in 1863 and remained so until the end of the Spanish colonial era. This measure was at the vanguard of contemporary Asian countries, and led to an important class of educated natives, like Jose Rizal. Ironically, it was during the initial years of American occupation in the early 20th century, that Spanish literature and press flourished.
ThePhilippine Revolutionagainst Spain began in August 1896, but it was largely unsuccessful until it received support from the United States, culminating two years later with a proclamation of independence and the establishment of theFirst Philippine Republic. However, theTreaty of Paris, at the end of the Spanish–American War, transferred control of the Philippines to theUnited States. This agreement was not recognized by the insurgent First Philippine Republic Government which, on June 2, 1899, proclaimed aDeclaration of Waragainst the United States.[7]ThePhilippine-American Warwhich ensued resulted in massive casualties.[8]Philippine presidentEmilio Aguinaldowas captured in 1901 and the U.S. government declared the conflict officially over in 1902. The Filipino leaders, for the most part, accepted that the Americans had won, but hostilities continued and only began to decline in 1913, leaving a total number of casualties on the Filipino side of more than one million dead, many of them civilians.[9][10]
The U.S. had established a military government in the Philippines on August 14, 1898, following the capture of Manila.[11]Civil government was inaugurated on July 1, 1901.[12]An electedPhilippine Assemblywas convened in 1907 as thelower houseof abicameral legislature.[12]Commonwealth status was granted in 1935, preparatory to a planned full independence from the United States in 1946.[13]Preparation for a fully sovereign state was interrupted by theJapaneseoccupation of the islands duringWorld War II.[5][14]After the end of the war, theTreaty of Manilaestablished the Philippine Republic as an independent nation.[15]
After choosing your speech topic, the next step is to prepare yourdemonstration speech outline. A demonstration speech is a "how to" speech in which the speaker demonstrates to the audience how to do a particular process or activity.
The outline is easy to prepare since the body of the speech mainly contains the steps of the process or activity you are demonstrating.
An outline of a demonstration speech starts with an introduction that explains to the audience about what process will be demonstrated and includes any history or background that is interesting or helpful to the audience.
For example, if you were to demonstrate how to tie dye clothing, you might include some history of tie dying and show some examples of the types of clothing and accessories that can be tie dyed in the introduction of your speech.
The body of a demonstration speech can be divided into several sections. If you are demonstrating how to make a craft project, for example, you might have a section on materials, then one containing all the steps, and a final section on how to care for or display the finished product.
The sections would be the main points of your speech.
For example, if you were to write a demonstration speech outline for a speech about how to make a scrapbook, it might look something like this.
Introduction
1. How many of you have a box of old photographs? Or maybe a stack of newer ones that keep piling up? How would you like to create something with those photographs that will be fun for you to make and give people pleasure for years?
2. Today I am going to show you some great ideas for how to preserve your old and new photographs by scrapbooking.
3. Scrapbooking has been around for ages but recently people have taken more of an interest in it and there are many new and fun tools to use.
Want to learn more about cat care and feeding? Cat care is a complex subject. From taming a feral kitten to nurturing an older cat, cat care runs the gamut. From cat food to scratching posts, from claw trimming to litterbox training, these articles and features offer all the information you need for responsible cat care.
If you are demonstrating how to make a craft project, for example, you might have a section on materials, then one containing all the steps, and a final section on how to care for or display the finished product.